Literature Riview: Analisis Risiko Gangguan Perilaku Pada Anak HIV Positif dan HIV Negatif
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Abstract
Anak adalah bagian dari populasi yang memiliki perlindungan khusus, di mana setiap anak harus menikmati keamanan sebagai haknya. Anak yang terinfeksi HIV berisiko mengalami gangguan psikologis karena efek langsung infeksi HIV terhadap struktur otak yang terkait dengan fungsi pengaturan emosi, perilaku, dan kognitif. Masalah neurologis dan neuropsikologis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi HIV telah diketahui selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Anak-anak yang terinfeksi HIV cenderung mengalami kesulitan belajar, gangguan perhatian, masalah perilaku, dan defisit kognitif. Adapun tujuan pada penelitian untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan risiko gangguan perilaku pada anak dengan HIV positif dan HIV negatif. Metode yang digunakan berupa literature review dari tiga database elektronik meliputi ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan Sci-hub. Penelitian ini didasarkan oleh pengkajian dari banyaknya artikel serta publikasi antara 2018-2023. Hasil yang diperoleh dari 15 artikel dalam literature riview disajikan dalam bentuk tabel yang sistematis dan menunjukkan adanya risiko gangguan perilaku yang diterima oleh anak dengan HIV positif lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak HIV negatif. Pengidap HIV/AIDS memiliki risiko dalam gangguan perilaku yaitu gangguan kesehatan mental yang berdampak terhadap kecemasan dan ketakutan untuk menjalani serangkaian pengobatan.
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