Determinan pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis pada lansia di Desa Bedali, Kabupaten Malang
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Abstract
Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia (lansia) menjadi salah satu tantangan dalam sistem kesehatan masyarakat. Lansia memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap penyakit kronis sehingga diperlukan upaya deteksi dini melalui pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menyediakan program pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis sebagai bagian dari penguatan pelayanan kesehatan primer melalui pendekatan Integrasi Layanan Primer (ILP). Pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis pada lansia merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, namun tingkat pemanfaatannya masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan dengan pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis pada lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Dusun Krajan, Desa Bedali, Kecamatan Lawang, Kabupaten Malang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 lansia yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square, serta multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis (PR = 2,45; p = 0,032) dan menjadi faktor yang paling berpengaruh berdasarkan analisis multivariat (AOR = 3,12). Sementara itu, sikap
(p = 0,705) dan aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan (p = 0,861) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Pengetahuan merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis pada lansia. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan pengetahuan dan literasi kesehatan melalui edukasi yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi lansia dalam pelayanan kesehatan preventif.
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